What factors contribute to external heat gain in buildings?

The selected answer identifies key components that contribute to external heat gain in buildings, focusing on how these factors interact with the building's design and environmental conditions.

Solar gain represents the heat energy obtained from sunlight entering the building, typically through windows and other glazing surfaces. The orientation and size of these surfaces significantly impact the amount of solar radiation that enters a space, effectively raising its internal temperature.

External conduction gain refers to the transfer of heat through building materials, such as walls, roofs, and windows. This occurs when the outdoor temperature increases, causing heat to penetrate through the building envelope and elevate the internal temperature.

Infiltration gain occurs when outdoor air enters the building through unintentional leaks, openings, or gaps in the building envelope. This warm outside air can increase the internal temperature, especially during hot weather.

Together, these factors significantly influence the thermal performance of buildings, requiring careful consideration in design and energy management strategies to minimize their impact and maintain comfortable indoor conditions.